Wikipedia

Tirana

Tirana[lower-alpha 3] (/tɪˈrɑːnə/ ⓘ tih-RAH-nə,    ; Gheg Albanian: Tirona) nopo nga ibu kota om kakadayan tagayo do Albania. Poingiliu iti id tanga-tanga pogun, nosorilian do nulu om nuluhon miampai Dajti ii minsawat kumaa timur om lembah tokuri kumaa do barat laut ii mitoguang kumaa Rahat Adriatik mantad sodu. Iti nopo nga kakadayan di totos oyopos om anawau id Eropah miampai 2,544 jaam o tadau sontoun.[11][12]

Tirana
Tirona
Ibu kota om kakadayan
Skanderbeg Square
Toptani Centre
Kapllan Pasha Tomb
Katedral Ortodoks Kinoingkakaton
Masjid Namazgah
Istana Petrelë
Clock Tower
Flag of Tirana
Flag
Coat of arms
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Coordinates: 41°19′38″N 19°49′07″E / 41.32722°N 19.81861°E / 41.32722; 19.81861
CountryAlbania
WilayahCentral Albania
WatasTirana
Ibu KotaTirana
Settled1614
Government
 • TypeMayor–council
 • MayorErion Veliaj[1] (PS)
 • CouncilTirana Municipal Council
 • ChairmanToni Gogu[2]
Area
[3][4]
 • Total1,110 km2 (430 sq mi)
 • Unit41.8 km2 (16.1 sq mi)
Elevation
110 m (360 ft)
Population
 • Municipality
598,176[lower-alpha 1]
 • Municipality density502/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
 • Unit
418,495[lower-alpha 2]
Demonym(s)Albanian: Tiranas (m), Tiranase (f)
Tirana dialect: Tirons (m), Tironse (f)
GDP
 • Total€15.1 billion (2023)[9]
 • Per capita€8.642 (2024)[10]
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code(s)
1000-1054
Area code(s)+355 (0) 4
AirportTutubpoon Kapal Tulud Sompomogunan Nënë Tereza
Motorways
Highways
Pomodopitaran koritaTR
Websitetirana.al

Koiyonon Tirana dinondo nopo nga noiyanan maya potilombus mantad po Zaman Bosi om iso teras Karajaan Illyrian Taulantii, hinombo, ontok nopo di Zaman Kuno Klasik nga poinlongkod id koiyonon do pedalaman Epidamnus. Kopongo Pisangadan Illyrian, pinoilo do Rom do ii nopo nga somboogian mantad do Empayar Rom; tinungkusan do zaman dii nopo nga pinokito do Mosaik Tirana. Miampai korotuan Empayar Rom Barat ontok abad kaapat, kogumuan Albania nopo nga id siriba panamangan do Empayar Byzantine timur, miagal ko ii nokohinta di Istana Petrele ii nowonsoi ontok pomorintaan di Justinian I. Niimpohon do Tirana nopo nga ontok do 1614 mantad di jeneral Albania Uthmaniyyah Sylejman Pasha Bargjini, ii poinlongkod id Masjid Laid om turbe. Kakadayan diti nopo nga oponsol gisom do abad ko-20, ontok di Kongres Lushnje nopo nga pinpoisytihar dii sabaagi ibu kakadayan do Albania kiikiro kalapas do Pongisytiharan Kagabasan Albania ontok toun 1912.

Noklasifikasi iti sabaagi do kakadayan-pomogunan gamma[13] miampai nosiliu do Tirana sabaagi do longkod ekonomi, kousinan, politik om pamadagangan ii toponsol kopio id Albania tu' koiyonon dau di oponsol id tanga do pogun om kiwaa padsakayan tawan, maritim, koritapui om tanalun do moden. Sabaagi longkod kuasa Karajaan Albania, nosiliu ii sabaagi tuan walai do rasmi montok Presiden om Perdana Montiri Albania om Parlimen Albania. Pinolombus o kakadayan diti sabaagi Ibu Kota Belia Eropah montok 2022.

Sajara

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Pomorunan gulu

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Koiyonon Tirana nopo nga noiyanan do tulun mantad po di zaman prasajara miampai sukuon di gulu nopo kopio nga noiktiraf miampai norubaan o Gua Pellumbas mantad po di zaman Palaeolitik. Illyrians nopo nga mogiigiyon koiso id koiyonon di noondos tagayo do minomorun teras karajaan Illyrian Taulantii, ontok zaman kuno klasik poinlongkod id koiyonon pedalaman Epidamnus. Soira nokorikot o koulunan Rom id Illyria kalapas kalantayan diolo id pisangadan Illyrian, minogiigiyon iyolo om miniamung id koiyonon dii id suang empayar diolo id siriba panamangan politik kota Rom. Kinoihuman totuo' ii kakal po poimposi do timpu diti nopo nga walai Rom ii poinharo mantad po do abad ko-3, ii nosimbanan kumaa do gereja aiso lorong miampai dana mozek. Iso istana ii ointutunan nogi sabaagi Tirkan nogi nga winonsoi di Maharaja Byzantik Justinian I kiikiro do abad kaapat om koonom om tinilombus di Ahmed Pasha Toptani ontok abad ko-18.

Narait o Tirana id suang dokumen Venetian ontok toun 1350-an om nogi ontok 1418. "...mogiigiyon Pjeter, tanak di tiagak Domenik mantad kampung Tirana...". Rikud pomodopitaran tana koiso id siriba Uthmaniyyah ontok 1431-32 nopo nga pinpokito do Tirana nopo nga mantad do 60 koiyonon kimogiigiyon miampai somok no 2028 walai om 7300 mogiigiyon. Ontok toun 1510, Marin Barleti, songulun paado om ulama Katolik Albania Skanderbeg, Historia de vita et gestis Scanderbegi Epirotarum principis (Susuyan koposion om koimaan Skanderbeg, putera Epirotes), nopo nga sumuku kumaa do koiyonon diti sabaagi iso kampung tokoro ii popisuai do "Tirana Tokoro" om "Tirana Tagayo". Tinilombus nogi ii do rinait ontok toun 1572 sabaagi Borgo id Tirana. [14]

Tumanud Hahn, nokotimpuun do nokoburu o koiyonon dii sabaagi bazar om kohompit no piipiro kincir waig[15] pogulu po 1614, soira i Sulejmen Bargjini, songulun pomorinta momogun, minomonsoi Masjid Laid, longkod komersial tokoro om hammam (pomonsuon turki). Iti nopo nga nosah do towud lisan ii pinopoboros do kiwaa duo masjid gulu 300-400m mantad Masjid Laid, kumaa Jalan Ali Demi baino. Masjid Rec om Masjid Mujo nopo nga poingiliu id ponong gibang Baang Lana om lobi tuo mantad do Masjid Laid.[15] Kaagu, Masjid Et'hem Bey, ii winonsoi do Molla Bey mantad Petrela nopo nga nowonsoi. Minamagaji yolo do momoomonsoi ngawi di tosonong kopio id pogun diti om nopongo ontok do 1812 mantad di tanak kusai di Molla, Etehem, ii tanak tompinai nogi di Sulejmen Bargjini.

Ontok toun 1800, rurumikot wagu koiso ii nokorikot id koiyonon dii nopo nga lohowon do ortodoksit. Iyolo nopo nga tulun Aromanian mantad kampung poinsomok Korce om Pogradec, ii mogiigiyon id posorili do Taman Tirana moden id Tasik Winonsoi. Nokoimpuun yolo do nointutunan sabaagi Ilacifac om tulun Kristian koiso ii nokorikot kopongo pomorunan kakadayan dii. Ontok toun 1807, nosiliu o Tirana do longkod Subprefektur Krujë-Tirana. Vilayet mantad Shkodër om Sanjak mantad Durrës. Ontok toun 1889, nokoimpuun o pongiaan boros Albania id sikul-sikul Tirana om notoodo o kalab patriotik Bashkimi ontok toun 1908.

Pomorunan moden

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Ontok 28 Milau 1912, bondira kabansaan Vlore nopo nga pinoinsawat di Presiden Ismail Qemali, ii popokito do kinosusuon simbolik Albania sabaagi iso pogun di kidaulat. Toun di potilombus, natandaan miampai do kegawatan. Ontok pisangadan Balkan, noiyanan o Tirana montok timpu dii do tentera Serbia om minaganu do boogian id suang pemberontakan kampung-kampung ii binuruan di Haxhi Qamili. Ontok Magus 1916, peta kakadayan koiso nopo nga nulud di pakar tentera Austria-Hungary.[16] Mitilombus do penawanan kakadayan Debar do Serbia, ogumu tongoulun Albania do minogidu kumaa do Turki om wookon nopo nga kuminaa do Tirana. Mantad diolo ii nolimpupusan id Istanbul, somboogian diolo nopo nga kuminaa do Albania, loolobi no kumaa do Tirana hinombo minombontuk o komuniti Dibran (tulun mantad Kaunti Diber) o segmen toponsol montok mogiigiyon kakadayan dii mantad toun 1920 om potilombus montok piipiro toun kalapas dii. Ontok 28 Mansak 1920, Kongres Lushnje pinopoisytihar do Tirana sabaagi do ibu kota ontok dii no do Albania om nakagampot do kagabasan ontok toun 1912. Kakadayan dii nopo nga nakaanu do status do kakal ontok 31 Momuhau 1925. Ontok toun 1923, palan kakadayan pengawalseliaan koiso nopo nga noulud di arkitek Austria. Longkod Tirana nopo nga projek Florestano Di Fausto om Armando Brasini, arkitek di nointutunan ontok zaman Mussolini id Itali. Brasini nopo nga pinopoiliu do impohon montok kouludan moden bangunan montiri id longkod kakadayan. Palan diti nopo nga nakawaya do simakan di arkitek Albania Eshref Frasheri, arkitek Itali Castellani om arkitek Austria Weiss om Kohler. Bongunan parlimen Albania moden nopo nga kifungsi sabagai kalab pegawai. Hilo no o tiyonon ontok Manom 1928, Zog mantad Albania dinobatkan sabaagi do Raja Zog I, Raja Albania.

Tirana nogi nga koiyonon montok manandatunturu Pibatasan Tirana miampai do Fasis Itali om Albania. Ontok pomorintaan Raja Zog, ogumu Muhaxhir ii minundaliu kuminaa do Tirana ii minogowit kumaa koinggumuon mogiigiyon id ibu kota ontok gulu abad ko-20.[17]

Geografi

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Tirana nopo nga poinaru id Gana Tirana id tanga Albania id pialatan do nulu Dajti id timur, nuluhon Kerrabe, Sauk om Vagarr id selatan om lembah id utara ii tumoguang kumaa Rahat Adriantik. Rinanggou purata nopo nga kiikiro do 110 meter (360 kaki) id sawat do parat rahat, miampai maksimum 1,828 meter (5997 kaki) id Maja Mincekut Mali me Gropa id Shenmeri.[18]

Kakadayan nopo diti nga nosorilian do duo koiyonon koumoligan toponsol: Taman Pogun Dajti om Landskap Noumoligan Mali me Gropa-Bize-Martanesh. Ontok timpu tosogit, nulu nopo nga osoruan do ountunan salji om iso koiyonon do totombuluyon di nointutunan montok mogiigiyon Tirana, ii au asaru kotorimo do salji. Mantad do segi biodiversiti nopo, gouton nopo nga kiwaa pain, oak om beech, miampai do suang relief ii noponu do canyon, wasai, gua, tasik om bontuk muka bumi do suai. Pounsikou kumaa do sandad posorili tu noondos iti sabaagi do "Balkoni Sandad Posorili Tirana". Nulu diti nogi nga orikot maya wayaan nulu asfalt ii okikip kumaa koiyonon ii nointutunan sabaagi do Fusha e Dajtit. Mantad koiyonon tokoro dii, kiwaa pogintangan Tirana om gana dau.

Sukuon

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  1. ↑ The municipality of Tirana consists of the administrative units of Baldushk, Bërzhitë, Dajt, Farkë, Kashar, Krrabë, Ndroq, Petrelë, Pezë, Shëngjergj, Vaqarr, Zall-Bastar, Zall-Herr and Tirana.[3][5][6] The population of the municipality results from the sum of the listed administrative units in the former as of the 2023 Albanian census.[3][7]
  2. ↑ The estimation for the administrative unit of Tirana, which is from the 2011 Albanian census, is to be taken into consideration.[8]
  3. ↑ Indefinite Albanian form: Tiranë (pronounced [tiˈɾanə])
  1. ↑ "Mayor of Tirana". Bashkia Tiranë. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 23 Manom 2020. Linoyog ontok 23 Manom 2020.
  2. ↑ "Municipal chairman of Tirana". Bashkia Tiranë. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 23 Manom 2020. Linoyog ontok 23 Manom 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Pasaporta e Bashkisë Tirana" (id boros Albania). Porta Vendore. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 6 Gumas 2021. Linoyog ontok 6 Gumas 2021.
  4. ↑ "Bashkia Tirana". Albanian Association of Municipalities (AAM). Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 12 Gumas 2020. Linoyog ontok 12 Gumas 2020.
  5. ↑ "A new Urban–Rural Classification of Albanian Population" (PDF). Instituti i Statistikës (INSTAT). Mikat 2014. p. 15. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 14 Milau 2019. Linoyog ontok 6 Gumas 2021.
  6. ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Law 2014
  7. ↑ 2023 Albanian census 2024, p. 67.
  8. ↑ 2011 Albanian census (Tirana County) 2012, p. 85.
  9. ↑ "44% of the economy in 2021 concentrated in Tirana, other districts fading". euronews.al. Linoyog ontok 5 Ngiop 2024.
  10. ↑ "Economic inequality deepens year after year/ Tirana has the highest per capita income of 134% of the average". politiko.al. Linoyog ontok 5 Ngiop 2024.
  11. ↑ "Sunniest Cities in Europe". currentresults.com. p. 1. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 19 Milatok 2024. Linoyog ontok 21 Milatok 2024.
  12. ↑ "European Cities With the Wettest, Rainiest Weather". currentresults.com. p. 1. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 8 Momuhau 2017. Linoyog ontok 7 Momuhau 2017.
  13. ↑ "GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2020". www.lboro.ac.uk. Linoyog ontok 3 Magus 2024.
  14. ↑ E. J. Van Donzel (1994), Islamic Desk Reference, E.J. Brill, p. 451, ISBN 9780585305561, OCLC 45731063, naarkib mantad the original ontok 21 Milatok 2024, linoyog ontok 5 Milatok 2016, "il borgo id Tirana" nopo nga narait no ontok po di 1572".
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Koco Miho (1987). J.Tocka (ed.). Trajta të profilit urbanistik të qytetit të Tiranës : prej fillimeve deri më 1944. Tirana: 8 Nentori. p. 57. OCLC 20994870.
  16. ↑ "Klan Magazine". Klan (527–534): 265. 2007. Archived mantad the original ontok 21 Milatok 2024. Linoyog ontok 10 Gumas 2018.
  17. ↑ Stefanović, Djordje (2005). "Seeing the Albanians through Serbian eyes: The Inventors of the Tradition of Intolerance and their Critics, 1804–1939." European History Quarterly. 35. (3): 470.
  18. ↑ "Koncepti i Zhvilimit Rajonal per Qarkun e Tiranes 2012 - 2017" (Concept of Regional Development for the District of Tirana 2012-2017] (PDF) (id Albania). 22 Ngiop 2013. Naarkib mantad do original (PDF) ontok 22 Mahas 2020. Linoyog ontok 9 Magus 2020.
Naanu mantad "https://dtp.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tirana&oldid=18354"