Pulou Izu

Pulou Izu Izu Islands (伊豆諸島, Izu-shotō) nopo nga tinimungan pulau nulu kitapui i poingompus id kabaatan kumaa kosilahon mantad do Semenanjung Izu id Honshū, Jepun.^[1] Maya pontadbiran, mombontuk yolo do duo kakadayan tagayo om onom kokompungan; toinsanan boogian dii nopo nga id suang do Prefektur Tokyo. I bobos tagayo nopo nga Izu Ōshima, koubasan nopo nga lohowon sabaagi Ōshima.

Sundung pia koubasan no lohowon sabaagi "Seven Islands of Izu" (伊豆七島 id suang do boros Jepun), i otootopot nopo nga ogumu po pulou om pulo di tongokoro. Siam mantad dii nopo nga ionon no timpu baino.

Geografi

Kinoyonon Pulou Izu id Jepun.

Left: Walls built by exiles on Hachijojima
Right: A beach on Niijima

Shikinejima mantad Kōzushima. bobos tosodu: Ōshima; gibang: Toshima; wanan: Niijima; bobos tokoro: Jinai-tō.

Pulou Izu nopo nga rumalad kumaa Kabaatan Kosilahon mantad Semenanjung Izu id Honshu om kohompit no kinoyonon soginayo lobi kuang 301.56 km² (116.43 sq mi). Kiwaa siam pulou kimogiigion miampai mogiigion soginumu 24,645 tulun (as of 2009^[update]) nakaralad kumaa 296.56 km² (114.50 sq mi). I bobos tagayo nopo nga Izu Oshima (8,346 mogiigion, 91.06 km² (35.16 sq mi)), Toshima nopo nga bobos tokoro (292 mogiigion,4.12 km² (1.59 sq mi).)

Mantad pulou di ionon, turu nopo nga sukuon miampai tradisional sabaagi do "Izu Seven": Oshima, Toshima, Niijima, Kozujima, Miyakejima, Hachijojima, om Mikurajima, kohompit nogi o Shikinejima om Aogashima monoroinsan.

Monikid pulou nopo nga haro kowoowoyoon poinsuai-suai: Oshima nopo nga otutunan miampai nulu kitapui aktif (Nulu Mihara om Camelia), Hachijo-kojima nopo nga montok bagas koloni panjara, Mikurajima montok mogintong do sada lumba-lumba, Niijima montok ogumu kotogisan, Kozujima montok kotogisan di kitogis opurak, Hachijojima montok koubasanan poinsuai-suai i tinamangan miampai osonong, om Miyakejima montok kinoloputon nulu kitapui di 2001.

Maamaso timpu Edo, Nii-jima, Miyake-jima, om Hachijō-jima nopo nga siniliu sabaagi kinoyonon pataaman tulun tangaraat.

Kopulouan subtropika Ogasawara, soboogian nogi mantad Tokyo maya pontadbiran, nopo nga poinladsong id ponong kabaatan. Mombontuk yolo do kopulouan miampai lobi ko' tolu nohopod (30) pulou miampai sinodu lobi kuang 1,000 km (621 mi) i poinladsong id kabaatanTokyo.

Pulou

Gambal	Ngaran Kanji	Kinoyonon km²	Populasi. 2007	Timpak m	Ngaran timpak	Koordinat
	Izu Ōshima 伊豆大島	91.06	8472	764	Mihara	34°44′N 139°24′E / 34.733°N 139.400°E / 34.733; 139.400 (Izu-Ōshima)
	To-shima 利島	4.12	304	508	Miyatsuka	34°31′N 139°17′E / 34.517°N 139.283°E / 34.517; 139.283 (Toshima)
	Udone-shima 鵜渡根島	0.4	^{[lower-alpha 1]}	210		34°28′21″N 139°17′38″E / 34.47250°N 139.29389°E / 34.47250; 139.29389 (Udoneshima)
	Nii-jima (with Hanshima and Jinai-tō) 新島	23.87	2420	432	Miyatsuka	34°22′N 139°16′E / 34.367°N 139.267°E / 34.367; 139.267 (Nii-jima)
	Shikine-jima 式根島	3.9	600	109	Kambiki	34°19.5′N 139°13′E / 34.3250°N 139.217°E / 34.3250; 139.217 (Shikine-jima)
	Kōzu-shima 神津島	18.48	1914	574	Tenjō-zan	34°13′N 139°9′E / 34.217°N 139.150°E / 34.217; 139.150 (Kōzu-shima)
	Miyake-jima 三宅島	55.44	2382	815	Oyama	34°5′N 139°32′E / 34.083°N 139.533°E / 34.083; 139.533 (Miyake-jima)
	Ōnohara-jima 大野原島	0.2	-	114	Koyasu	34°02′53″N 139°23′02″E / 34.04806°N 139.38389°E / 34.04806; 139.38389 (Ohnohara-jima)
	Mikura-jima 御蔵島	20.58	313	851	Oyama	33°52.5′N 139°36′E / 33.8750°N 139.600°E / 33.8750; 139.600 (Mikura-jima)
	Inamba-jima 藺灘波島	0.005	-	74		33°38′53″N 139°18′08″E / 33.64806°N 139.30222°E / 33.64806; 139.30222 (Inamba-jima)
Hachijo Subprefecture
	Hachijō-jima 八丈島	62.52	8363	854	Nishiyama (Hachijō-Fuji)	33°7′N 139°47′E / 33.117°N 139.783°E / 33.117; 139.783 (Hachijō-jima)
	Hachijō-kojima 八丈小島	3.08	^{[lower-alpha 2]}	616.8	Taihei-zan	33°7′31″N 139°41′18″E / 33.12528°N 139.68833°E / 33.12528; 139.68833 (Hachijō-kojima)
	Aogashima 青ヶ島	8.75	192	423	Maruyama (Ō-Toppu)	32°27′29″N 139°46′04″E / 32.45806°N 139.76778°E / 32.45806; 139.76778 (Aogashima)
	Bayonnaise Rocks --- Myōjin-shō ベヨネース列岩	0.01	-	9.9		31°53′14″N 139°55′03″E / 31.88722°N 139.91750°E / 31.88722; 139.91750 (Bayonnaise Rocks)
	Sumisu-tō 須美寿島	0.03	-	136		31°26′13″N 140°02′49″E / 31.43694°N 140.04694°E / 31.43694; 140.04694 (Sumisu-jima)
	Tori-shima 鳥島	4.79	^{[lower-alpha 3]}	394	Iō-zan	30°28′48″N 140°18′22″E / 30.48000°N 140.30611°E / 30.48000; 140.30611 (Torishima)
	Sōfu-iwa 孀婦岩	0.0037	-	99		29°47′39″N 140°20′31″E / 29.79417°N 140.34194°E / 29.79417; 140.34194 (Sōfugan)

↑ Udone-shima was inhabited during the Meiji era.
↑ Uninhabited since 1969 (then population 31, with a peak of 513)
↑ Tori-shima, the largest of the uninhabited islands, had a population of 150 until 1902, when all were killed by a volcanic eruption. Since then, the island has been uninhabited.

Boogian Pontadbiran

Pulou Izu nopo nga abaagi kumaa duo kakadayan tagayo (Oshima om Hachijojima) om onom kokompungan (pulou kimogiigion di noolu.) Tolu subprefektur i nobontuk id sawat do majlis kakadayan sabaagi upis rapang karajaan metropolitan.

Toinsanan pulou dii (lobi ko' sondozen koinsanai) poinladsong id suang do Taman Pogun Fuji-Hakone-Izu.

Apat pulou bobos ponong kabaatan nopo nga au todbiron id nonggo-nonggo kakadayan toi ko' kokompungan id Subprefektur Hachijō, nga iso kinoyonon di aiso kotinanan. Baino, aiso no mogiigion id Torishima nga kakal sabaagi kinoyonon do pongumoligan tombolog di toponsol.

Pulou poinpisuk id pialatan do Aogashima om Kopulawan Ogasawara, otutunan sabaagi Batu Bayonaise (Beyonēzu Retsugan), Pulou Smith (Sumisu-tō), Torishima, om Lot's Wife (Sōfu-iwa) nopo nga okon ko' sanganu do nonggo-nonggo majlis kakadayan, tu koduo-duo Kakadayan Tagayo Hachijō om Desa Aogashima nopo nga mikianu do hak pontadbiran. Tamangan yolo miampai potilombus manyad do Subprefektur Hachijō.

Subprefektur Ōshima
- Kakadayan Ōshima : Izu Ōshima
- Kokompungan Toshima: Pulou Toshima
- Kokompungan Niijima : Niijima, Shikinejima, om Udoneshima
- Kokompungan Kōzushima: Kōzushima
Subprefektur Miyake
- Kokompungan Miyake : Miyakejima om Ōnoharajima
- Kokompungan Mikurajima : Mikurajima, Inambajima
Subprefektur Hachijō
- Kakadayan Hachijō : Hachijōjima om Hachijōkojima
- Kokompungan Aogashima: Aogashima
- Aiso kotinanan: Bayonnaise Rocks (Beyonēzu Retsugan), Sumisu-tō, Torishima, om Sōfu-iwa

Demografi

Sundung pia naratu o populasi id Pulou Izu, kadar koingkurian nopo nga lobi osiriba kopiadang do pulou poimpisuk suai id Jepun.

Kosimbanan do populasi
Toun	Pulou Izu	Pulou-pulou poimpisuk id Jepun	Jepun Ginumu
1960	38,707	923,062	94,301,623
1970	32,539	736,712	104,665,171
1980	31,902	630,536	117,060,396
1990	30,032	546,505	123,611,167
2000	28,756	472,312	126,925,843
2005	26,242	422,712	127,767,994

Boros Hachijō i misuai nogi nga gunoon id pulou-pulou.

Infrastruktur

Tutubpoon Kapal Tulud Oshima .

Industri tapangkal nopo nga ponginsadaan, pomutanaman om kotombuluyan.Kinoyonon-kinoyonon di ogingo id pulou diti nopo nga ososok miampai tutumombului soira orikot o timpu talasu. Ababayan kotombuluyan di otutunan kopio nopo nga miagal do mangkaau, sumaalom skuba, mingkurus, magapon, mogintong do tombolog om tumakad do nulu.

Sasakayon id pialatan do monikid pulou nopo nga momoguno do bot susumakai kargo, jetfoil om kapal tulud, i sokodungon do tuundorongon kapal rahat monikid pulou om limo tutubpoon kapal tulud (pulou tokoro nopo nga momoguno do helikopter).

Kiwaa 5 tutubpoon kapal tulud, 15 tuundorongon kapal rahat, om 19 kinoyonon pagapanan. Kapal mantad Tokyo nopo nga solinaid 30 minit, om bot nopo nga solinaid 7-10 jaam om jetfoil nopo nga lobi kuang 2 jaam. Padsakayan kumaa id pulou-pulou dii nopo nga oponsol montok kualiti koposion, gama doo, lobi kuang 215 km (134 mi) nopo do ralan nga naasap montok koumatan mogikaakawo padsakayan.

Aiso o lotirik id pulou diti sobolum po o 1953, nga maamaso di 1962, 98% do kinoyonon diti nopo nga nokorotimo do lotirik.

Geologi

Pulou-pulou diti nopo nga poinladsong id boogian koibutan do Arka Izu–Bonin–Mariana i numaru kumaa Semenanjung Izu om Nulu Fuji id tana tagayo Honshū i kotilombuson do koibutan arka nulu kitapui Izu, Arka Izu nopo nga opupusan do hiri, id boogian do pogitongkiadan tolu tektonik.

Koloputon nulu kitapui nogi nga insaru id kinoyonon diti.^[2] 31 tulun nopo nga napatai soira kapal ponoriukan Kaiyō Maru no 5 norumbak maamaso nokoloput o Myōjin-shō di toun 1953. Aktiviti nulu kitapui nopo nga kohompit no kopoiduan do gas koligogon, mononsog do kopoundolihan Miyake-jima di toun 2000. Pinasaga o mogiigion do ginumuli miampai kakal id pulau diti maamaso di Mansak 2005 nga nuru mogoit do topeng gas sokiro haro kawagu kopoiduan gas mantad nulu kitapui id timpu abantalan.

Montok mantamong do mogikaakawo koligaganan posorili i momorutum do kinoyonon diti, kohompit no tsunami, tongus, luyud om nulu kitapui, pinopoingkakat o kerajaan metropolitan Tokyodo piipiro laang moningolig om kotinoligan, kohompit no pata koligagan om tonudon mundaliu, rodiu, papan tanda, om sistom padsakayan montok koligagan.

Ekologi

Pogioputan pulou nulu kitapui, Kopulawan Isu nopo nga pulou rahat i nobontuk miampai relatif wagu diti (maimapi piipiro riong toun) miampai aiso piromutan pogulu kumaa tana tagayo Jepun. Misuai miampai pulou-pulou Pasifik di poinpisuk miagal do Hawaii om Galápagos, Kopulawan Izu nopo nga poinladsong id somok do tana tagayo insaru rikoton do mogikaakawo spesies maya do karaladan id labus pogun mantad tana tagayo toi ko' pulou-pulou sampaping. Iti no i kagayat montok papaharo do ponoriukan proses ekologi om nogi evolusi.^[3]

Campanula (Bellflower) nopo nga monjajah toinsanan nusantara id suang do iso kinaantakan. Miagal nogi do siput Euhadra, endemik Jepun, i mogiigion id pulou dii id suang do iso kinaantakan om toinsanan individu id pulou di nion nopo nga haro haplotaip di miagal. Tikus Apodemus nogi nga monjajah do pulou-pulou mantad tana tagayo id suang do duo kinaantakan.

Sajara

680 - Tinuridong o Wilayah Izu id suang do bontuk di piniada mantad Wilayah Suruga. Antakan dii, pulou Izu nopo nga sanganu di Kamo-gun.^[4]
Abad ko-12 om lobi osopung kanto – gunoon sabaagi payanan do tangaaraat id Jepun.^[5]
1643 - Ponjolajah Maarten Gerritsz Vries momolohou sabaagi Kopulawan De Vries. ^[6]
14 Milau 1871 (25 Momuhau 1871) ---Gama do integrasi wilayah kumoiso, id siriba yolo do gana kuasa Wilayah Ashigara.^[7]
1876 (Meiji 9), 18 Ngiop - Gama do integrasi wilayah kumoduo, id siriba yolo do gana kuasa Wilayah Shizuoka.^[8]
1878 (Meiji 11), 11 Milatok - id siriba yolo do gana kuasa Prefektur Tokyo.^[9]

Intangai nogi

Katayadan kopulawan id Jepun

Sukuon

↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Izu Shotō," Japan Encyclopedia, p. 412.
↑ Volcanoes of the Izu, Volcano and Mariana Islands
↑ Kuriyama, Takeo; Brandley, Matthew C.; Katayama, Akira; Mori, Akira; Honda, Masanao; Hasegawa, Masami (2011). "A time-calibrated phylogenetic approach to assessing the phylogeography, colonization history and phenotypic evolution of snakes in the Japanese Izu Islands" (PDF). J. Biogeogr. 38 (2): 259–271. Bibcode:2011JBiog..38..259K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02403.x. S2CID 55266255.
↑ 『日本歴史地名大系 22 静岡県の地名』平凡社、2000年。ISBN 4582490220。「伊豆国」の項目（P75.）。
↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Izu-no-Shichi-Tō" . Encyclopædia Britannica (id boros Inggilis). Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 102.
↑ After Dutch explorer Maarten Gerritsz Vries, the first European to describe them in 1643. See "Izu Shotō" in Louis Frédéric, Japan Encyclopedia (Belknap, 2002), p. 412.
↑ [[[:Templat:NDLDC]] 明治4年太政官布告第594号] - 国立国会図書館近代デジタルライブラリー
↑ [[[:Templat:NDLDC]] 明治9年太政官布告第53号] - 国立国会図書館近代デジタルライブラリー
↑ [[[:Templat:NDLDC]] 明治11年太政官布告第1号] - 国立国会図書館近代デジタルライブラリー

Teikoku's Complete Atlas of Japan, Teikoku-Shoin Co., Ltd. Tokyo 1990, ISBN 4-8071-0004-1
"Tokyo Islands: The 9 exotic islands of Tokyo, Izu Islands". Tokyo Islands (id boros Inggeris AS). Linoyog ontok 2022-03-20. The official islands information page.

34°44′N 139°24′E / 34.733°N 139.400°E / 34.733; 139.400

[2] Udone-shima was inhabited during the Meiji era.

[3] Uninhabited since 1969 (then population 31, with a peak of 513)

[4] Tori-shima, the largest of the uninhabited islands, had a population of 150 until 1902, when all were killed by a volcanic eruption. Since then, the island has been uninhabited.

[1] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Izu Shotō," Japan Encyclopedia, p. 412.

[5] Volcanoes of the Izu, Volcano and Mariana Islands

[Kuriyama-etal-6] Kuriyama, Takeo; Brandley, Matthew C.; Katayama, Akira; Mori, Akira; Honda, Masanao; Hasegawa, Masami (2011). "A time-calibrated phylogenetic approach to assessing the phylogeography, colonization history and phenotypic evolution of snakes in the Japanese Izu Islands" (PDF). J. Biogeogr. 38 (2): 259–271. Bibcode:2011JBiog..38..259K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02403.x. S2CID 55266255.

[7] 『日本歴史地名大系 22 静岡県の地名』平凡社、2000年。ISBN 4582490220。「伊豆国」の項目（P75.）。

[8] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Izu-no-Shichi-Tō" . Encyclopædia Britannica (id boros Inggilis). Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 102.

[9] After Dutch explorer Maarten Gerritsz Vries, the first European to describe them in 1643. See "Izu Shotō" in Louis Frédéric, Japan Encyclopedia (Belknap, 2002), p. 412.

[10] [[[:Templat:NDLDC]] 明治4年太政官布告第594号] - 国立国会図書館近代デジタルライブラリー

[11] [[[:Templat:NDLDC]] 明治9年太政官布告第53号] - 国立国会図書館近代デジタルライブラリー

[12] [[[:Templat:NDLDC]] 明治11年太政官布告第1号] - 国立国会図書館近代デジタルライブラリー

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