Modul:IPA symbol

This module is used by {{IPA symbol}} and {{IPA link}}. Its data is found at Module:IPA symbol/data.

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Category:International Phonetic Alphabet pages needing attention (0)

Data

Data overview

No errors were found. 451 entries (393 in "sounds", 58 in "diacritics"), 948 symbols (737 in "sounds", 211 in "diacritics"). Parentheses denote a link automatically inherited from the name field. In italics are redirects. Name Symbols Article Audio Group Voiceless bilabial nasal m̥ (Voiceless bilabial nasal) sounds Voiced bilabial nasal m (Voiced bilabial nasal) sounds Voiceless labiodental nasal ɱ̊ , ɱ̥ (Voiceless labiodental nasal) sounds Voiced labiodental nasal ɱ (Voiced labiodental nasal) sounds Voiced linguolabial nasal n̼ (Voiced linguolabial nasal) sounds Voiced dental nasal n̪ (Voiced dental nasal) sounds Voiceless alveolar nasal n̥ (Voiceless alveolar nasal) sounds Voiced alveolar nasal n (Voiced alveolar nasal) sounds Voiced postalveolar nasal n̠ (Voiced postalveolar nasal) sounds Voiceless retroflex nasal ɳ̊ , ɳ̥ (Voiceless retroflex nasal) sounds Voiced retroflex nasal ɳ (Voiced retroflex nasal) sounds Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal n̠̊ʲ , ɲ̊˖ , ɲ̟̊ , ȵ̊ (Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal) sounds Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal n̠ʲ , ɲ˖ , ɲ̟ , ȵ (Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal) sounds Voiceless palatal nasal ɲ̊ , ɲ̥ (Voiceless palatal nasal) sounds Voiced palatal nasal ɲ (Voiced palatal nasal) sounds Voiced post-palatal nasal ɲ˗ , ɲ̠ , ŋ˖ , ŋ̟ (Voiced post-palatal nasal) sounds Voiceless velar nasal ŋ̊ , ŋ̥ (Voiceless velar nasal) sounds Voiced velar nasal ŋ (Voiced velar nasal) sounds Voiced pre-uvular nasal ɴ̟ , ŋ˗ , ŋ̠ (Voiced pre-uvular nasal) sounds Voiceless uvular nasal ɴ̥ , ɴ̊ (Voiceless uvular nasal) sounds Voiced uvular nasal ɴ (Voiced uvular nasal) sounds Voiceless bilabial plosive p (Voiceless bilabial plosive) sounds Voiced bilabial plosive b (Voiced bilabial plosive) sounds Voiceless labiodental plosive p̪ , p͆ (Voiceless labiodental plosive) sounds Voiced labiodental plosive b̪ (Voiced labiodental plosive) sounds Voiceless linguolabial plosive t̼ (Voiceless linguolabial plosive) sounds Voiced linguolabial plosive d̼ (Voiced linguolabial plosive) sounds Voiceless dental plosive t̪ (Voiceless dental plosive) sounds Voiced dental plosive d̪ (Voiced dental plosive) sounds Voiceless alveolar plosive t (Voiceless alveolar plosive) sounds Voiced alveolar plosive d (Voiced alveolar plosive) sounds Voiceless postalveolar plosive t̠ (Voiceless postalveolar plosive) sounds Voiced postalveolar plosive d̠ (Voiced postalveolar plosive) sounds Voiceless retroflex plosive ʈ (Voiceless retroflex plosive) sounds Voiced retroflex plosive ɖ (Voiced retroflex plosive) sounds Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive t̠ʲ , c̟ , ȶ (Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive) sounds Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive d̠ʲ , ɟ˖ , ɟ̟ , ȡ (Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive) sounds Voiceless palatal plosive c (Voiceless palatal plosive) sounds Voiced palatal plosive ɟ (Voiced palatal plosive) sounds Voiceless post-palatal plosive c̠ , k̟ (Voiceless post-palatal plosive) sounds Voiced post-palatal plosive ɟ˗ , ɟ̠ , ɡ˖ , ɡ̟ (Voiced post-palatal plosive) sounds Voiceless velar plosive k (Voiceless velar plosive) sounds Voiced velar plosive ɡ (Voiced velar plosive) sounds Voiceless pre-uvular plosive q˖ , q̟ , k̠ (Voiceless pre-uvular plosive) sounds Voiced pre-uvular plosive ɢ̟ , ɡ˗ , ɡ̠ (Voiced pre-uvular plosive) sounds Voiceless uvular plosive q (Voiceless uvular plosive) sounds Voiced uvular plosive ɢ (Voiced uvular plosive) sounds Epiglottal plosive ʡ (Epiglottal plosive) sounds Glottal stop ʔ (Glottal stop) sounds Voiceless bilabial affricate pɸ (Voiceless bilabial affricate) sounds Voiced bilabial affricate bβ (Voiced bilabial affricate) sounds Voiceless labiodental affricate p̪f , p͆f , pf (Voiceless labiodental affricate) sounds Voiced labiodental affricate b̪v , bv (Voiced labiodental affricate) sounds Voiceless dental affricate t̪s̪ , ts̪ , t̟s̟ , ts̟ (Voiceless dental affricate) sounds Voiced dental affricate d̪z̪ , dz̪ , d̟z̟ , dz̟ (Voiced dental affricate) sounds Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate t̪θ , t̟θ , tθ (Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate) sounds Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate d̪ð , d̟ð , dð (Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate) sounds Voiceless alveolar affricate ts , ʦ (Voiceless alveolar affricate) sounds Voiced alveolar affricate dz , ʣ (Voiced alveolar affricate) sounds Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate t̺s̺ , ts̺ , t̠s̠ , ts̠ (Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate) sounds Voiced apico-alveolar affricate d̺z̺ , dz̺ , d̠z̠ , dz̠ (Voiced apico-alveolar affricate) sounds Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate tɹ̝̊ , tɹ̥ , tθ̠ , tθ͇ (Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate) sounds Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate dɹ̝ , dɹ , dð̠ , dð͇ (Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate) sounds Voiceless postalveolar affricate t̠ʃ , tʃ , ʧ (Voiceless postalveolar affricate) sounds Voiced postalveolar affricate d̠ʒ , dʒ , ʤ (Voiced postalveolar affricate) sounds Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate t̠ɹ̠̊˔ , tɹ̠̊˔ , tɹ̝̊˗ , t̠ɹ̝̊˗ , t̠ɹ̠̊ , tɹ̠̊ (Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate) sounds Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate d̠ɹ̠˔ , dɹ̠˔ , dɹ̝˗ , d̠ɹ̝˗ , d̠ɹ̠ , dɹ̠ (Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate) sounds Voiceless retroflex affricate ʈʂ , tʂ (Voiceless retroflex affricate) sounds Voiced retroflex affricate ɖʐ , dʐ (Voiced retroflex affricate) sounds Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate tɕ , cɕ , ʨ (Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate) sounds Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate dʑ , ɟʑ , ʥ (Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate) sounds Voiceless palatal affricate cç (Voiceless palatal affricate) sounds Voiced palatal affricate ɟʝ (Voiced palatal affricate) sounds Voiceless post-palatal affricate c̠ç˗ , cç˗ , c̠ç̠ , cç̠ , k̟x̟ , kx̟ (Voiceless post-palatal affricate) sounds Voiced post-palatal affricate ɟ˗ʝ˗ , ɟʝ˗ , ɟ̠ʝ̠ , ɟʝ̠ , ɡ˖ɣ˖ , ɡɣ˖ , ɡ̟ɣ̟ , ɡɣ̟ (Voiced post-palatal affricate) sounds Voiceless velar affricate kx (Voiceless velar affricate) sounds Voiced velar affricate ɡɣ (Voiced velar affricate) sounds Voiceless pre-uvular affricate q˖χ˖ , qχ˖ , q̟χ̟ , qχ̟ , k̠x̠ , kx̠ (Voiceless pre-uvular affricate) sounds Voiceless uvular affricate qχ (Voiceless uvular affricate) sounds Voiced uvular affricate ɢʁ (Voiced uvular affricate) sounds Voiceless pharyngeal affricate ʡħ (Voiceless pharyngeal affricate) sounds Voiceless epiglottal affricate ʡʜ (Voiceless epiglottal affricate) sounds Voiced epiglottal affricate ʡʢ (Voiced epiglottal affricate) sounds Voiceless glottal affricate ʔh (Voiceless glottal affricate) sounds Voiceless bilabial fricative ɸ , β̞̊ , β̥˕ (Voiceless bilabial fricative) sounds Voiced bilabial fricative β (Voiced bilabial fricative) sounds Voiceless labiodental fricative f , ʋ̥ , f̞ (Voiceless labiodental fricative) sounds Voiced labiodental fricative v (Voiced labiodental fricative) sounds Voiceless linguolabial fricative θ̼ (Voiceless linguolabial fricative) sounds Voiced linguolabial fricative ð̼ (Voiced linguolabial fricative) sounds Voiceless dental fricative θ , θ̞ (Voiceless dental fricative) sounds Voiced dental fricative ð (Voiced dental fricative) sounds Voiceless dental sibilant fricative s̪ (Voiceless dental sibilant fricative) sounds Voiced dental sibilant fricative z̪ (Voiced dental sibilant fricative) sounds Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative s̻̪ , s̪̻ , s̻͆ , s̟ (Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative) sounds Voiceless alveolar fricative s (Voiceless alveolar fricative) sounds Voiced alveolar fricative z (Voiced alveolar fricative) sounds Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative s̺ (Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative) sounds Voiced apico-alveolar fricative z̺ (Voiced apico-alveolar fricative) sounds Voiceless alveolar retracted fricative s̠ (Voiceless alveolar retracted fricative) sounds Voiced alveolar retracted fricative z̠ (Voiced alveolar retracted fricative) sounds Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative θ̠ , θ͇ , ɹ̝̊ , ɹ̥ (Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative) sounds Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative ð̠ , ð͇ , ɹ̝ (Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative) sounds Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative ɾ̞̊ (Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative) sounds Voiced alveolar tapped fricative ɾ̞ (Voiced alveolar tapped fricative) sounds Voiceless postalveolar fricative ʃ (Voiceless postalveolar fricative) sounds Voiced postalveolar fricative ʒ (Voiced postalveolar fricative) sounds Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative ɹ̠̊˔ , ɹ̝̊˗ (Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative) sounds Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative ɹ̠˔ , ɹ̝˗ (Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative) sounds Voiceless retroflex fricative ʂ (Voiceless retroflex fricative) sounds Voiced retroflex fricative ʐ (Voiced retroflex fricative) sounds Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative ɻ̝̊ , ɻ̊˔ (Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative) sounds Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative ɻ̝ , ɻ˔ , ɻ̊ (Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative) sounds Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative ɕ (Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative) sounds Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative ʑ (Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative) sounds Voiceless palatal fricative ç (Voiceless palatal fricative) sounds Voiced palatal fricative ʝ (Voiced palatal fricative) sounds Voiceless post-palatal fricative ç˗ , ç̠ , x̟ (Voiceless post-palatal fricative) sounds Voiced post-palatal fricative ʝ˗ , ʝ̠ , ɣ˖ , ɣ̟ (Voiced post-palatal fricative) sounds Voiceless velar fricative x , ɰ̊ , x̞ , ɣ̊˕ , ɣ̞̊ (Voiceless velar fricative) sounds Voiced velar fricative ɣ (Voiced velar fricative) sounds Voiceless pre-uvular fricative χ˖ , χ̟ , x̠ (Voiceless pre-uvular fricative) sounds Voiced pre-uvular fricative ʁ̟ , ɣ˗ , ɣ̠ (Voiced pre-uvular fricative) sounds Voiceless uvular fricative χ (Voiceless uvular fricative) sounds Voiced uvular fricative ʁ (Voiced uvular fricative) sounds Voiceless pharyngeal fricative ħ (Voiceless pharyngeal fricative) sounds Voiced pharyngeal fricative ʕ (Voiced pharyngeal fricative) sounds Voiceless glottal fricative h (Voiceless glottal fricative) sounds Voiced glottal fricative ɦ (Voiced glottal fricative) sounds Voiceless bidental fricative h̪͆ (Voiceless bidental fricative) sounds Voiced bilabial approximant β̞ (Voiced bilabial approximant) sounds Voiced labiodental approximant ʋ (Voiced labiodental approximant) sounds Voiced dental approximant ð̞ (Voiced dental approximant) sounds Voiced alveolar approximant ɹ (Voiced alveolar approximant) sounds Voiced postalveolar approximant ɹ̠ (Voiced postalveolar approximant) sounds Voiced retroflex approximant ɻ (Voiced retroflex approximant) sounds Voiceless palatal approximant j̊ (Voiceless palatal approximant) sounds Voiced palatal approximant j , ʝ˕ , ʝ̞ (Voiced palatal approximant) sounds Voiced post-palatal approximant j˗ , j̠ , ɰ̟ , ɰ˖ , ʝ˕˗ , ʝ˗˕ , ʝ̞˗ , ɣ˕˖ , ɣ˖˕ , ɣ̞˖ (Voiced post-palatal approximant) sounds Voiced velar approximant ɰ , ɣ˕ , ɣ̞ (Voiced velar approximant) sounds Voiced velar bunched approximant ɹ̈ (Voiced velar bunched approximant) sounds Voiced uvular approximant ʁ̞ (Voiced uvular approximant) sounds Voiced pharyngeal approximant ʕ̞ (Voiced pharyngeal approximant) sounds Voiced epiglottal approximant ʢ̞ (Voiced epiglottal approximant) sounds Creaky-voiced glottal approximant ʔ̞ , ʔ̰ (Creaky-voiced glottal approximant) sounds Voiced bilabial flap ⱱ̟ , b̆ (Voiced bilabial flap) sounds Voiced labiodental flap ⱱ (Voiced labiodental flap) sounds Voiced linguolabial tap ɾ̼ (Voiced linguolabial tap) sounds Voiced dental tap or flap ɾ̪ Dental tap sounds Voiceless alveolar tap or flap ɾ̥ Voiceless alveolar tap sounds Voiced alveolar tap or flap ɾ Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps sounds Voiced postalveolar flap ɾ̠ (Voiced postalveolar flap) sounds Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap ɾ̃ , n̆ Alveolar nasal tap sounds Voiceless retroflex flap ɽ̊ (Voiceless retroflex flap) sounds Voiced retroflex flap ɽ (Voiced retroflex flap) sounds Voiced velar tap ɡ̆ (Voiced velar tap) sounds Voiced uvular tap or flap ɢ̆ , ʀ̆ Voiced uvular tap and flap sounds Voiced epiglottal tap ʡ̆ , ʢ̆ (Voiced epiglottal tap) sounds Voiceless bilabial trill ʙ̥ (Voiceless bilabial trill) sounds Voiced bilabial trill ʙ (Voiced bilabial trill) sounds Voiced linguolabial trill r̼ (Voiced linguolabial trill) sounds Voiced dental trill r̪ (Voiced dental trill) sounds Voiceless alveolar trill r̥ (Voiceless alveolar trill) sounds Voiced alveolar trill r (Voiced alveolar trill) sounds Voiceless alveolar fricative trill r̝̊ (Voiceless alveolar fricative trill) sounds Voiced alveolar fricative trill r̝ (Voiced alveolar fricative trill) sounds Voiced postalveolar trill r̠ (Voiced postalveolar trill) sounds Voiceless retroflex trill ɽ̊r̥ , ɽr̥ (Voiceless retroflex trill) sounds Voiced retroflex trill ɽr (Voiced retroflex trill) sounds Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill ʀ̝̊˖ , ʀ̟̊˔ (Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill) sounds Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill ʀ̝˖ , ʀ̟˔ (Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill) sounds Voiceless uvular trill ʀ̥ (Voiceless uvular trill) sounds Voiced uvular trill ʀ (Voiced uvular trill) sounds Voiceless uvular fricative trill ʀ̝̊ (Voiceless uvular fricative trill) sounds Voiced uvular fricative trill ʀ̝ (Voiced uvular fricative trill) sounds Voiceless epiglottal trill ʜ (Voiceless epiglottal trill) sounds Voiced epiglottal trill ʢ (Voiced epiglottal trill) sounds Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate tɬ , ƛ (Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate) sounds Voiced alveolar lateral affricate dɮ (Voiced alveolar lateral affricate) sounds Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate ʈɭ̊˔ , tɭ̊˔ , ʈɭ̊ , tɭ̊ , ʈꞎ , tꞎ (Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate) sounds Voiced retroflex lateral affricate ɖɭ˔ , dɭ˔ , ɖɭ , dɭ , ɖ𝼅 , d𝼅 (Voiced retroflex lateral affricate) sounds Voiceless palatal lateral affricate cʎ̝̊ , cʎ̥ , c𝼆 , t𝼆 (Voiceless palatal lateral affricate) sounds Voiced palatal lateral affricate ɟʎ̝ , ɟʎ , ɟ𝼆̬ , d𝼆̬ (Voiced palatal lateral affricate) sounds Voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ , kʟ̥ , k𝼄 (Voiceless velar lateral affricate) sounds Voiced velar lateral affricate ɡʟ̝ , ɡʟ , ɡ𝼄̬ (Voiced velar lateral affricate) sounds Voiceless dental lateral fricative ɬ̪ (Voiceless dental lateral fricative) sounds Voiced dental lateral fricative ɮ̪ , ɮ͆ (Voiced dental lateral fricative) sounds Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative ɬ (Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative) sounds Voiced alveolar lateral fricative ɮ (Voiced alveolar lateral fricative) sounds Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative ɭ̊˔ , ꞎ , ɭ̊ (Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative) sounds Voiced retroflex lateral fricative ɭ˔ , 𝼅 (Voiced retroflex lateral fricative) sounds Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative ɬ̠ʲ , ʎ̝̊˖ , ȴ̊˔ , l̠̊ʲ , ʎ̟̊ , ȴ̊ (Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative) sounds Voiceless palatal lateral fricative ʎ̝̊ , ʎ̥ , 𝼆 (Voiceless palatal lateral fricative) sounds Voiced palatal lateral fricative ʎ̝ , 𝼆̬ (Voiced palatal lateral fricative) sounds Voiceless velar lateral fricative ʟ̝̊ , ʟ̥ , 𝼄 (Voiceless velar lateral fricative) sounds Voiced velar lateral fricative ʟ̝ , 𝼄̬ (Voiced velar lateral fricative) sounds Voiced dental lateral approximant l̪ (Voiced dental lateral approximant) sounds Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̥ (Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant) sounds Voiced alveolar lateral approximant l (Voiced alveolar lateral approximant) sounds Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant l̠ (Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant) sounds Voiced retroflex lateral approximant ɭ (Voiced retroflex lateral approximant) sounds Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant l̠ʲ , ʎ̟ , ȴ (Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant) sounds Voiced palatal lateral approximant ʎ (Voiced palatal lateral approximant) sounds Voiced velar lateral approximant ʟ (Voiced velar lateral approximant) sounds Voiced uvular lateral approximant ʟ̠ (Voiced uvular lateral approximant) sounds Voiceless alveolar lateral flap ɺ̥ (Voiceless alveolar lateral flap) sounds Voiced alveolar lateral flap ɺ (Voiced alveolar lateral flap) sounds Voiceless retroflex lateral flap ɭ̥̆ , 𝼈̥ (Voiceless retroflex lateral flap) sounds Voiced retroflex lateral flap ɭ̆ , 𝼈 (Voiced retroflex lateral flap) sounds Voiced palatal lateral flap ʎ̆ (Voiced palatal lateral flap) sounds Voiced velar lateral tap ʟ̆ (Voiced velar lateral tap) sounds Bilabial ejective stop pʼ (Bilabial ejective stop) sounds Dental ejective stop t̪ʼ (Dental ejective stop) sounds Alveolar ejective stop tʼ (Alveolar ejective stop) sounds Retroflex ejective stop ʈʼ (Retroflex ejective stop) sounds Palatal ejective stop cʼ (Palatal ejective stop) sounds Velar ejective stop kʼ (Velar ejective stop) sounds Uvular ejective stop qʼ (Uvular ejective stop) sounds Epiglottal ejective ʡʼ (Epiglottal ejective) sounds Labiodental ejective affricate p̪fʼ (Labiodental ejective affricate) sounds Dental ejective affricate t̪θʼ , t̟θʼ , tθʼ (Dental ejective affricate) sounds Alveolar ejective affricate tsʼ (Alveolar ejective affricate) sounds Palato-alveolar ejective affricate t̠ʃʼ , tʃʼ (Palato-alveolar ejective affricate) sounds Retroflex ejective affricate ʈʂʼ , tʂʼ (Retroflex ejective affricate) sounds Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate t̠ɕʼ , tɕʼ , cɕʼ (Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate) sounds Palatal ejective affricate cçʼ (Palatal ejective affricate) sounds Velar ejective affricate kxʼ (Velar ejective affricate) sounds Uvular ejective affricate qχʼ (Uvular ejective affricate) sounds Bilabial ejective fricative ɸʼ (Bilabial ejective fricative) sounds Labiodental ejective fricative fʼ (Labiodental ejective fricative) sounds Dental ejective fricative θʼ (Dental ejective fricative) sounds Alveolar ejective fricative sʼ (Alveolar ejective fricative) sounds Palato-alveolar ejective fricative ʃʼ (Palato-alveolar ejective fricative) sounds Retroflex ejective fricative ʂʼ (Retroflex ejective fricative) sounds Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative ɕʼ (Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative) sounds Palatal ejective fricative çʼ (Palatal ejective fricative) sounds Velar ejective fricative xʼ (Velar ejective fricative) sounds Uvular ejective fricative χʼ (Uvular ejective fricative) sounds Alveolar lateral ejective affricate tɬʼ , ƛʼ (Alveolar lateral ejective affricate) sounds Palatal lateral ejective affricate cʎ̝̊ʼ , cʎ̥ʼ , c𝼆ʼ (Palatal lateral ejective affricate) sounds Velar lateral ejective affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ , kʟ̥ʼ , k𝼄ʼ (Velar lateral ejective affricate) sounds Uvular lateral ejective affricate q𝼄ʼ , qʟ̝̊ʼ (Uvular lateral ejective affricate) sounds Alveolar lateral ejective fricative ɬʼ (Alveolar lateral ejective fricative) sounds Tenuis bilabial click ʘ , kʘ (Tenuis bilabial click) sounds Tenuis dental click ǀ , kǀ (Tenuis dental click) sounds Tenuis alveolar click ǃ , kǃ (Tenuis alveolar click) sounds Tenuis palatal click ǂ , kǂ (Tenuis palatal click) sounds Back-released velar click ʞ (Back-released velar click) sounds Voiced bilabial click ʘ̬ , ɡʘ (Voiced bilabial click) sounds Voiced dental click ǀ̬ , ɡǀ (Voiced dental click) sounds Voiced alveolar click ǃ̬ , ɡǃ (Voiced alveolar click) sounds Tenuis retroflex click 𝼊 (Tenuis retroflex click) sounds Voiced palatal click ǂ̬ , ɡǂ (Voiced palatal click) sounds Voiced retroflex click 𝼊̬ , ɡ𝼊 (Voiced retroflex click) sounds Bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ , ŋʘ (Bilabial nasal click) sounds Dental nasal click ǀ̃ , ŋǀ (Dental nasal click) sounds Alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ , ŋǃ (Alveolar nasal click) sounds Palatal nasal click ǂ̃ , ŋǂ (Palatal nasal click) sounds Retroflex nasal click 𝼊̃ , ŋ𝼊 (Retroflex nasal click) sounds Tenuis alveolar lateral click ǁ , kǁ (Tenuis alveolar lateral click) sounds Voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̬ , ɡǁ (Voiced alveolar lateral click) sounds Alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ , ŋǁ (Alveolar lateral nasal click) sounds Glottalized bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ , ʘˀ , ŋ̊ʘˀ , ŋʘˀ (Glottalized bilabial nasal click) sounds Glottalized dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ , ǀˀ , ŋ̊ǀˀ , ŋǀˀ (Glottalized dental nasal click) sounds Glottalized alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ , ǃˀ , ŋ̊ǃˀ , ŋǃˀ (Glottalized alveolar nasal click) sounds Glottalized retroflex nasal click 𝼊̃ˀ , 𝼊ˀ , ŋ𝼊ˀ , ŋ̊𝼊ˀ (Glottalized retroflex nasal click) sounds Glottalized palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ , ǂˀ , ŋ̊ǂˀ , ŋǂˀ (Glottalized palatal nasal click) sounds Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ , ǁˀ , ŋ̊ǁˀ , ŋǁˀ (Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click) sounds Egressive bilabial click ʘ↑ (Egressive bilabial click) sounds Voiceless bilabial implosive ɓ̥ , ƥ , pʼ↓ (Voiceless bilabial implosive) sounds Voiced bilabial implosive ɓ (Voiced bilabial implosive) sounds Voiceless dental implosive ɗ̪̥ , ɗ̪̊ , ƭ̪ , t̪ʼ↓ (Voiceless dental implosive) sounds Voiced dental implosive ɗ̪ (Voiced dental implosive) sounds Voiceless alveolar implosive ɗ̥ , ƭ , tʼ↓ (Voiceless alveolar implosive) sounds Voiced alveolar implosive ɗ (Voiced alveolar implosive) sounds Voiceless retroflex implosive ᶑ̊ , ᶑ̥ , 𝼉 (Voiceless retroflex implosive) sounds Voiced retroflex implosive ᶑ (Voiced retroflex implosive) sounds Voiceless palatal implosive ʄ̊ , ʄ̥ , ƈ , cʼ↓ (Voiceless palatal implosive) sounds Voiced palatal implosive ʄ (Voiced palatal implosive) sounds Voiceless velar implosive ɠ̊ , ƙ , kʼ↓ (Voiceless velar implosive) sounds Voiced velar implosive ɠ (Voiced velar implosive) sounds Voiceless uvular implosive ʛ̥ , ʠ , qʼ↓ (Voiceless uvular implosive) sounds Voiced uvular implosive ʛ (Voiced uvular implosive) sounds Voiced labial–alveolar nasal nm (Voiced labial–alveolar nasal) sounds Voiced labial–velar nasal ŋm (Voiced labial–velar nasal) sounds Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive tp (Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive) sounds Voiced labial–alveolar plosive db (Voiced labial–alveolar plosive) sounds Voiceless labial–velar plosive kp (Voiceless labial–velar plosive) sounds Voiced labial–velar plosive ɡb (Voiced labial–velar plosive) sounds Voiceless labial–uvular plosive qp (Voiceless labial–uvular plosive) sounds Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive qʡ (Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive) sounds Voiceless labial–velar implosive ɠ̊ɓ̥ , ƙƥ , kpʼ↓ (Voiceless labial–velar implosive) sounds Voiced labial–velar implosive ɠɓ , ɡɓ (Voiced labial–velar implosive) sounds Labial–alveolar ejective stop tpʼ (Labial–alveolar ejective stop) sounds Voiceless labial–palatal fricative ɥ̊ (Voiceless labial–palatal fricative) sounds Voiced labial–palatal approximant ɥ (Voiced labial–palatal approximant) sounds Voiceless labial–velar fricative ʍ , w̥ , hw (Voiceless labial–velar fricative) sounds Voiced labial–velar approximant w (Voiced labial–velar approximant) sounds Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant wᵝ , ɰᵝ Voiced labial–velar approximant sounds Sj-sound ɧ (Sj-sound) sounds Velarized dental lateral approximant ɫ̪ , l̪ˠ (Velarized dental lateral approximant) sounds Velarized alveolar lateral approximant ɫ , lˠ (Velarized alveolar lateral approximant) sounds Nasal palatal approximant j̃ (Nasal palatal approximant) sounds Nasal labial–velar approximant w̃ (Nasal labial–velar approximant) sounds Voiceless nasal glottal approximant h̃ (Voiceless nasal glottal approximant) sounds Close front unrounded vowel i (Close front unrounded vowel) sounds Close front rounded vowel y (Close front rounded vowel) sounds Close front compressed vowel y͍ , iᵝ (Close front compressed vowel) sounds Close front protruded vowel y̫ , yʷ , iʷ (Close front protruded vowel) sounds Close central unrounded vowel ɨ , ï (Close central unrounded vowel) sounds Close central rounded vowel ʉ , ü (Close central rounded vowel) sounds Close central protruded vowel ʉ̫ , ʉʷ , ɨʷ (Close central protruded vowel) sounds Close central compressed vowel ÿ , ɨᵝ (Close central compressed vowel) sounds Close back unrounded vowel ɯ (Close back unrounded vowel) sounds Close back rounded vowel u (Close back rounded vowel) sounds Close back protruded vowel u̫ , uʷ , ɯʷ (Close back protruded vowel) sounds Close back compressed vowel u͍ , ɯᵝ (Close back compressed vowel) sounds Near-close near-front unrounded vowel ɪ , ɪ̟ , i̞ , e̝ (Near-close near-front unrounded vowel) sounds Near-close near-front rounded vowel ʏ , y̞ , y˕ , ø̝ (Near-close near-front rounded vowel) sounds Near-close near-front compressed vowel ʏ͍ , ɪᵝ (Near-close near-front compressed vowel) sounds Near-close near-front protruded vowel ʏ̫ , ʏʷ , ɪʷ (Near-close near-front protruded vowel) sounds Near-close central unrounded vowel ɪ̈ , ɨ̞ , ɘ̝ (Near-close central unrounded vowel) sounds Near-close central rounded vowel ʊ̈ , ʊ̟ , ʉ̞ , ɵ̝ (Near-close central rounded vowel) sounds Near-close central protruded vowel ʊ̫̈ , ʉ̫˕ , ʊ̈ʷ , ʉ̞ʷ , ɪ̈ʷ , ɨ̞ʷ (Near-close central protruded vowel) sounds Near-close central compressed vowel ʏ̈ , ɨ̞ᵝ (Near-close central compressed vowel) sounds Near-close near-back unrounded vowel ɯ̞ , ɯ̽ (Near-close near-back unrounded vowel) sounds Near-close near-back rounded vowel ʊ , u̞ , o̝ (Near-close near-back rounded vowel) sounds Near-close near-back protruded vowel ʊ̫ , ʊʷ , ɯ̽ʷ , ɤ̝̈ʷ , u̫˕ , u̞ʷ , ɯ̞ʷ , ɤ̝ʷ (Near-close near-back protruded vowel) sounds Near-close near-back compressed vowel ʊ͍ , ɯ̽ᵝ , ɯ̞̈ᵝ , ɯ̞ᵝ (Near-close near-back compressed vowel) sounds Close-mid front unrounded vowel e (Close-mid front unrounded vowel) sounds Close-mid front rounded vowel ø (Close-mid front rounded vowel) sounds Close-mid front compressed vowel ø͍ , eᵝ (Close-mid front compressed vowel) sounds Close-mid front protruded vowel ø̫ , øʷ , eʷ (Close-mid front protruded vowel) sounds Close-mid central unrounded vowel ɘ , ë , ɤ̈ (Close-mid central unrounded vowel) sounds Close-mid central rounded vowel ɵ , ö (Close-mid central rounded vowel) sounds Close-mid central protruded vowel ɵ̫ , ɵʷ , ɘʷ (Close-mid central protruded vowel) sounds Close-mid central compressed vowel ø̈ , ɘᵝ (Close-mid central compressed vowel) sounds Close-mid back unrounded vowel ɤ (Close-mid back unrounded vowel) sounds Close-mid back rounded vowel o (Close-mid back rounded vowel) sounds Close-mid back protruded vowel o̫ , oʷ , ɤʷ (Close-mid back protruded vowel) sounds Close-mid back compressed vowel o͍ , ɤᵝ (Close-mid back compressed vowel) sounds Mid front unrounded vowel e̞ , ɛ̝ (Mid front unrounded vowel) sounds Mid front rounded vowel ø̞ , œ̝ (Mid front rounded vowel) sounds Mid front compressed vowel ø͍˕ , œ͍˔ , e̞ᵝ , ɛ̝ᵝ (Mid front compressed vowel) sounds Mid front protruded vowel ø̫˕ , œ̫˔ , ø̞ʷ , œ̝ʷ , e̞ʷ , ɛ̝ʷ (Mid front protruded vowel) sounds Mid central vowel ə (Mid central vowel) sounds Mid central unrounded vowel ə̜ , ɘ̞ , ɜ̝ (Mid central unrounded vowel) sounds Mid central rounded vowel ə̹ , ɵ̞ , ɞ̝ (Mid central rounded vowel) sounds Mid back unrounded vowel ɤ̞ , ʌ̝ (Mid back unrounded vowel) sounds Mid back rounded vowel o̞ , ɔ̝ (Mid back rounded vowel) sounds Open-mid front unrounded vowel ɛ (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) sounds Open-mid front rounded vowel œ (Open-mid front rounded vowel) sounds Open-mid front compressed vowel œ͍ , ɛᵝ (Open-mid front compressed vowel) sounds Open-mid front protruded vowel œ̫ , œʷ , ɛʷ (Open-mid front protruded vowel) sounds Open-mid central unrounded vowel ɜ , ɛ̈ , ʌ̈ (Open-mid central unrounded vowel) sounds Open-mid central rounded vowel ɞ (Open-mid central rounded vowel) sounds Open-mid back unrounded vowel ʌ (Open-mid back unrounded vowel) sounds Open-mid back rounded vowel ɔ (Open-mid back rounded vowel) sounds Near-open front unrounded vowel æ (Near-open front unrounded vowel) sounds Near-open central vowel ɐ (Near-open central vowel) sounds Near-open central unrounded vowel ɐ̜ , ɜ̞ (Near-open central unrounded vowel) sounds Near-open central rounded vowel ɐ̹ , ɞ̞ (Near-open central rounded vowel) sounds Open front unrounded vowel a , æ̞ (Open front unrounded vowel) sounds Open front rounded vowel ɶ (Open front rounded vowel) sounds Open central unrounded vowel ä , a̠ , ɑ̈ , ɐ̞ (Open central unrounded vowel) sounds Open central rounded vowel ɒ̈ , ɶ̈ (Open central rounded vowel) sounds Open back unrounded vowel ɑ (Open back unrounded vowel) sounds Open back rounded vowel ɒ (Open back rounded vowel) sounds R-colored vowel ɚ , ɝ , ɹ̩ , ɻ̍ (R-colored vowel) sounds Primary stress ˈ Stress (linguistics) sounds Secondary stress ˌ (Secondary stress) sounds Minor (foot) group | Prosodic unit sounds Major (intonation) group ‖ Prosodic unit sounds Syllable break . Syllable sounds Linking (absence of a break) ‿ Connected speech sounds Downstep ꜜ (Downstep) sounds Upstep ꜛ (Upstep) sounds Global rise ↗ Intonation (linguistics) sounds Global fall ↘ Intonation (linguistics) sounds Bilabial percussive ʬ (Bilabial percussive) sounds Bidental percussive ʭ (Bidental percussive) sounds Velopharyngeal fricative ʩ (Velopharyngeal fricative) sounds Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative ʪ Lateral release (phonetics) sounds Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative ʫ Lateral release (phonetics) sounds Ingressive airflow ↓ Ingressive sound sounds Egressive airflow ↑ Egressive sound sounds Apical r ɹ̺ Pronunciation of English /r/ sounds Bunched r ɹ̈ Pronunciation of English /r/ sounds Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive ¡ Sublingual percussive sounds Percussive alveolar click ǃ¡ (Percussive alveolar click) sounds Buccal interdental trill ↀr̪͆ Blowing a raspberry sounds Morphological boundary # Word stem sounds Zero ∅ Zero (linguistics) sounds Voiceless ̥ , ̊ , ḁ , å , ů , ẘ , ẙ (Voiceless) diacritics Voiced ̬ Voice (phonetics) diacritics Aspirated ʰ Aspirated consonant diacritics More rounded ̹ , ͗ , ˒ Roundedness diacritics Less rounded ̜ , ͑ , ˓ , ͍ Roundedness diacritics Advanced ̟ , ˖ Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted diacritics Retracted ̠ , ˗ Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted diacritics Centralized ̈ Relative articulation#Centralized vowels diacritics Mid-centralized ̽ Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel diacritics Syllabic ̩ , ̍ Syllabic consonant diacritics Non-syllabic ̯ , ̑ Semivowel diacritics Rhoticity ˞ R-colored vowel diacritics Breathy voiced ̤ , ṳ , ʱ Breathy voice diacritics Creaky voiced ̰ , ḛ , ḭ , ṵ Creaky voice diacritics Linguolabial ̼ Linguolabial consonant diacritics Labialized ʷ , ̫ Labialization diacritics Palatalized ʲ Palatalization (phonetics) diacritics Velarized ˠ Velarization diacritics Uvularized ʶ , ᵡ Uvularization diacritics Pharyngealized ˤ , ᵸ Pharyngealization diacritics Velarized or pharyngealized ̴ , ᵯ , ᵰ , ᵱ , ᵬ , ᵮ , ᵵ , ᵭ , ᵴ , ᵶ , ᵳ , ᵲ Pharyngealization diacritics Sulcalized ᵓ Sulcalization diacritics Raised ̝ , ˔ Relative articulation#Raised and lowered diacritics Lowered ̞ , ˕ Relative articulation#Raised and lowered diacritics Advanced tongue root ̘ (Advanced tongue root) diacritics Retracted tongue root ̙ (Retracted tongue root) diacritics Dental ̪ , ͆ Dental consonant diacritics Apical ̺ Apical consonant diacritics Laminal ̻ Laminal consonant diacritics Nasalized ̃ , ṽ Nasalization diacritics Nasal vowel ĩ , ỹ , ɨ̃ , ʉ̃ , ɯ̃ , ũ , ɪ̃ , ʏ̃ , ʊ̃ , ẽ , ø̃ , ɘ̃ , ɵ̃ , ɤ̃ , õ , ə̃ , ɛ̃ , œ̃ , ɜ̃ , ɞ̃ , ʌ̃ , ɔ̃ , æ̃ , ɐ̃ , ã , ɶ̃ , ä̃ , ɑ̃ , ɒ̃ (Nasal vowel) diacritics Nasal release ⁿ (Nasal release) diacritics Lateral release ˡ Lateral release (phonetics) diacritics No audible release ̚ (No audible release) diacritics Ejective ʼ Ejective consonant diacritics Glottalized ˀ Glottalization diacritics Labio-palatalized ᶣ Labio-palatalization diacritics Buccal speech ↀ (Buccal speech) diacritics Esophageal speech Œ (Esophageal speech) diacritics Electrolaryngeal speech И (Electrolaryngeal speech) diacritics Tracheo-esophageal speech Ю (Tracheo-esophageal speech) diacritics Long ː Length (phonetics) diacritics Half-long ˑ Length (phonetics) diacritics Extra-short ̆ Extra-shortness diacritics Accent ̋ , ű , ӳ , ő , ́ , í , ý , ú , é , ó , á , ̄ , ī , ȳ , ū , ē , ō , ǣ , ā , ̀ , ì , ỳ , ù , è , ò , à , ̏ , ȉ , ȕ , ȅ , ȍ , ȁ Pitch-accent language diacritics Tone ̌ , ̂ , ᷄ , ᷅ , ᷇ , ᷆ , ᷈ , ᷉ , ˥ , ˦ , ˧ , ˨ , ˩ Tone (linguistics) diacritics Alveolar ͇ Alveolar consonant diacritics Strong articulation ͈ , ̎ Fortis and lenis diacritics Weak articulation ͉ , ᷂ Fortis and lenis diacritics Denasalized ͊ Denasalization diacritics Velopharyngeal friction ͌ Velopharyngeal consonant diacritics Whistled articulation ͎ Whistled sibilant diacritics Unaspirated ˭ Tenuis consonant diacritics Pre-aspiration ʰp , ʰt , ʰʈ , ʰc , ʰk , ʰq , ʰn Preaspiration diacritics Retroflex ̣ , ̢ Retroflex consonant diacritics Prenasalized consonant ᵐ , ᶬ , ⁿt , ⁿd , ⁿθ , ⁿð , ⁿs , ⁿz , ⁿʃ , ⁿʒ , ⁿɕ , ⁿʑ , ⁿr , ⁿɬ , ⁿɮ , ⁿl , ᶯ , ᶮ , ᵑ , ᶰ (Prenasalized consonant) diacritics Pre-stopped consonant ᵖ , ᵇ , ᵗ , ᵈ , 𐞯 , 𐞋 , ᶜ , ᶡ , ᵏ , ᶢ , ᴳ , 𐞳 (Pre-stopped consonant) diacritics Post-stopped nasal mᵇ , nᵈ , ɳ𐞋 , ɲᶡ , ŋᶢ , ɴᴳ (Post-stopped nasal) diacritics

---

local data = mw.loadData('Module:IPA symbol/data').data
local p = {}

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local len = mw.ustring.len
local sub = mw.ustring.sub

local function reverseLook(t, s)
	local ret
	for i = 1, len(s) - 1 do
		-- Look for 2-char matches first
		ret = t[sub(s, i, i + 1)] or t[sub(s, i, i)]
		if ret then
			return ret
		end
	end
	ret = t[sub(s, -1)] -- Last character
	if ret then
		return ret
	end
end

local function returnData(s, dataType)
	for _, v in ipairs(data.univPatterns) do
		s = gsub(s, v.pat, v.rep)
	end
	local key = s
	for _, v in ipairs(data.keyPatterns) do
		key = gsub(key, v.pat, v.rep)
	end
	local ret = data.sounds[key] or data.diacritics[key]
		or reverseLook(data.diacritics, s)
	if ret and dataType then
		if ret[dataType] then
			ret = ret[dataType]
		else
			error(string.format('Invalid data type "%s"', dataType))
		end
	end
	return ret
end

local function returnErrorCat()
	return require('Module:Category handler').main{
		'[[Category:International Phonetic Alphabet pages needing attention]]',
		other = ''
	}
end

local function returnError(s)
	return string.format(
		'<span class="error">Error using {{[[Template:IPA symbol|IPA symbol]]}}: "%s" not found in list</span>%s',
		s, returnErrorCat())
end

function p._main(s, errorText, output)
	return returnData(s, output or 'article') or errorText or returnError(s)
end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = {}
	for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do
		args[k] = v ~= '' and v
	end
	if not args.symbol then
		return '' -- Exit early
	end
	if args.errortext == 'blank' then
		args.errortext = ''
	end
	return p._main(args.symbol, args.errortext, args.output)
end

function p._link(s, displayText, prefix, suffix, audio, addSpan, errorText)
	local t = returnData(s)
	if t then
		s = string.format('%s[[:%s|%s]]%s',
			prefix or '', t.article, displayText or s, suffix or '')
		if addSpan ~= 'no' then
			local span = mw.html.create('span'):addClass('IPA'):attr('lang', 'und-fonipa')
			if prefix or suffix then
				span:addClass('nowrap'):attr('title',
					'Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)')
			end
			s = tostring(span:wikitext(s))
		end
		if audio then
			audio = require('Module:Yesno')(audio, audio)
			audio = audio == true and t.audio or audio
			if audio ~= '' then
				audio = ' ' .. mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{
					title = 'Template:Audio',
					args = { audio, '', help = 'no' }
				}
			end
		else
			audio = ''
		end
		return s .. audio
	 else
		return errorText or returnError(s)
	end
end

function p.link(frame)
	local args = {}
	for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do
		args[k] = v ~= '' and v
	end
	if not args.symbol then
		return '' -- Exit early
	end
	if args.errortext == 'blank' then
		args.errortext = ''
	end
	return p._link(args.symbol, args.text, args.prefix, args.suffix, args.audio,
		args.span, args.errortext)
end

return p